Process Modeling and Conformance Checking in Healthcare: A COVID-19 Case Study: Case Study

The discipline of process mining has a solid track record of successful applications to the healthcare domain. Within such research space, we conducted a case study related to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ward of the Uniklinik Aachen hospital in Germany. The aim of this work is twofold: developing a normative model representing the clinical guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, and analyzing the adherence of the observed behavior (recorded in the information system of the hospital) to such guidelines. We show that, through conformance checking techniques, it is possible to analyze the care process for COVID-19 patients, highlighting the main deviations from the clinical guidelines. The results provide physicians with useful indications for improving the process and ensuring service quality and patient satisfaction. We share the resulting model as an open-source BPMN file. © 2023, The Author(s).

Which mediated social interactions satisfy the need to belong?

This investigation uses the two-process model of needs to explore differences between face-To-face communication and interpersonal media in terms of belongingness need satisfaction. Using experience sampling methods, Study 1 (N = 117) explored change in feelings of loneliness and connection from interpersonal media use within a day. Study 2 (N = 1,747) examined the association between loneliness and life satisfaction as mediated by patterns of interpersonal media use in the year following the COVID-19 outbreak. Study 3 (N = 303) experimentally manipulated social belonging to examine changes in interpersonal media use and resulting feelings of connection and disconnection. Overall, when individuals were more connected, their behaviors were more consistent with the two-process model, compared to when they felt disconnected. Additionally, although some interpersonal media use was better than no social contact at all, interpersonal media are not equally capable of satisfying belongingness needs. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Communication Association.

CSR crises from the consumers' perspective: a multidimensional typology and future research agenda

Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to develop a multidimensional corporate social responsibility (CSR) crisis typology from the consumers' perspective and to provide an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approach>Basic content-related dimensions for characterizing CSR crises from the consumers' perspective are derived from a review of relevant static crisis typologies. Different types of consumer responses to negative CSR information are derived from various theoretical approaches. Dynamic process models of corporate crises are reviewed to assign various types of consumer responses to different crisis phases. Linking both static and dynamic approaches leads to a comprehensive consumer-oriented typology of CSR crises that is illustrated with examples.Findings>A CSR crises typology is developed based on three consumer-related dimensions: the extent to which the company is attributed blame by consumers;the amount of perceived damage potential;and the perceived CSR relevance of the crisis situation. The combination of these dimensions results in eight different crisis types. For each of these crisis types, different forms of consumer responses are assigned that prevail in the so-called potential, latent and manifest crisis phase.Research limitations/implications>Future research could address the empirical review of the crisis typology presented, its refinement by considering various consumer and stakeholder segmentation approaches and the advanced dynamic analysis of CSR crises by including stakeholder characteristics that impact the diffusion of CSR-related negative publicity.Practical implications>The results of this paper support early crisis detection and effective crisis management by identifying relevant target variables for crisis communication.Originality/value>The typology developed enables a broad spectrum of CSR crises to be classified, including those that have been neglected in previous systematization approaches, such as CSR-related tensions, general sustainability crises and product-harm crises. Due to its theoretical foundation, this paper also contributes to a clearer demarcation of existing CSR crisis constructs.

Introduction to ISEM XXI

The conference on electro, physical and chemical machining happened as ISEM XXI again in Zurich and was actually meant to become a full presence conference. The COVID-19 situation enforced again at least a hybrid conference, where approximately 40% of the contributions were made via internet. ISEM covers different manufacturing processes that have all in common, that the tool is non-mechanical, but defined by partial differential field equations together with boundary conditions, which represent at least partly the workpiece. This general description is the bracket around those processes and makes it valuable to combine contributions to the development of electro machining, physical machining and chemical machining and also combinations as hybrid processes within one conference. As the modelling of the processes and the prediction of process results becomes increasingly important, the conference provides a cross fertilization between approaches to different processes. But the processes have more in common than is generally believed. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Comparison of Hawkes and Seir Models for the Spread of Covid-19

Two models that capture the spread of infectious diseases, the Hawkes point process model and the SEIR compartmental model, are compared with regard to their use in modeling the COVID-19 pandemic. The physical plausibility of the SEIR model is weighed against the parsimony and flexibility of the Hawkes model. The mathematical connection between Hawkes and SEIR models is described.

The Effectiveness of Extended Parallel Process Model on COVID-19 Health Promotion and Social Media Sharing Willingness

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the COVID-19 health promotion poster using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) and discuss the relationship between the willingness to repost the poster by applying EPPM within the design process. Based on past studies, emotionally appealing posters that incorporate EPPM may influence viewers' health behavior, but few studies adopt the model to investigate the impact on social media sharing behavior. To discover whether EPPM is applicable to sharing the information on Instagram, eight young adults who are constantly using Instagram were interviewed to collect their opinions on comparing the two self-design COVID-19 health promotion posters. We found out that EPPM is workable on increasing COVID-19 health awareness for individuals;however, the result revealed that EPPM did not positively affect Instagram sharing willingness. Thus, although COVID-19 health promotion is essential in increasing public health awareness, most participants still preferred to share interesting information, cartoonish pictures, or personalized messages on their personal Instagram. The results can further be utilized as a reference on future Instagram health poster design and other social media applications about health posters and information sharing. © 2022 ACM.

Explore Alternative Future: A Case Study of Cultivating Designers’ Future Literacy via Hybrid Collaboration

The epidemic has made it necessary to face the challenges of an uncertain future on the one hand, and to adapt to new ways of working remotely on the other. For designers, a focus on the future helps them step outside of their inherited framework and explore alternative futures. However, research on the design future education is still lacking in Chinese context. Therefore, in the summer of 2021, an initiative called future pioneer was launched, it aims to explore a process model for developing designers’ future literacy. Which can assist designers envision alternative future and influence present through the integration of design and futurology tools. By combining the designer's familiar double diamond model with the process of future scenario planning, the steps are gradually dismantled, and futurological tools are added in stages, from first understanding the future to discovering the future, selecting the direction, and then finally, finally developing the vision. Participants are guided to move from the figurative “real world” to ion and then refine and analyze the future vision to form a complete “future world view” and realize a complete narrative through the future vision map. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Towards Adaptive Quality Assurance in Industrial Applications

We propose the AQUILA framework (Adaptive Quality Assurance in Industrial Applications), a concept for digitalization in Industry 4.0 to support the entire industrial manufacturing chain, laying the groundwork for adaptive quality assurance in times of disrupted supply chains and, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, restricted travel possibilities. To that end, our proposed framework allows for the definition and description of industrial processes, quality assurance and testing protocols, and training scenarios in a comprehensive notation based on BPMN, and supports users in task execution, documentation, and evaluation by providing smart glass-based HCI with eye tracking technology, delivering a combination of process documentation, context-sensitive AR visualization, gaze-based interaction schemes, and remote maintenance and assistance functionality. © 2022 IEEE.

Hybrid Conceptual Modeling for Simulation: An Ontology Approach during Covid-19

The recent outbreak of Covid-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection that started in Wuhan, China, has quickly spread worldwide. Due to the aggressive number of cases, the entire healthcare system has to respond and make decisions promptly to ensure it does not fail. Researchers have investigated the integration between ontology, algorithms and process modeling to facilitate simulation modeling in emergency departments and have produced a Minimal-Viable Simulation Ontology (MVSimO). However, the 'minimalism' of the ontology has yet to be explored to cover pandemic settings. Responding to this, modelers must redesign services that are Covid-19 safe and better reflect changing realities. This study proposes a novel method that conceptualizes processes within the domain from a Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) perspective and utilizes prediction data from an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) model to improve the accuracy of existing models. This hybrid approach can be helpful to support local decision making around resources allocation. © 2021 IEEE.

A process map and risk assessment for mail-based voting

The sudden shift to mail-based voting because of the COVID-19 pandemic precipitated national concerns about the security of this process. This research addresses mail-based voting impacts to elections security. Specifically, we develop a process model for mail-based voting and identify and map cyber, physical, and insider threats to the process. We then apply a utility-based methodology for assessing threat to evaluate the process model scenarios and nodes. We illustrate the model using Maryland's mail-based voting process as a case study and identify nodes or activities of concern due to higher relative risk. The goal of this research is to better understand how the dramatic shift and scaling of mail-based voting during the 2020 General Election can impact threat. Results will provide election officials insight on how voting system vulnerabilities develop and when and where to employ mitigating security measures. © 2021 IISE Annual Conference and Expo 2021. All rights reserved.

Predicting Social Distancing Intention and Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrated Social Cognition Model.

BACKGROUND: Social distancing is a key behavior to minimize COVID-19 infections. Identification of potentially modifiable determinants of social distancing behavior may provide essential evidence to inform social distancing behavioral interventions. PURPOSE: The current study applied an integrated social cognition model to identify the determinants of social distancing behavior, and the processes involved, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In a prospective correlational survey study, samples of Australian (N = 365) and U.S. (N = 440) residents completed online self-report measures of social cognition constructs (attitude, subjective norm, moral norm, anticipated regret, and perceived behavioral control [PBC]), intention, action planning, habit, and past behavior with respect to social distancing behavior at an initial occasion. Follow-up measures of habit and social distancing behavior were taken 1 week later. RESULTS: Structural equation models indicated that subjective norm, moral norm, and PBC were consistent predictors of intention in both samples. Intention, action planning, and habit at follow-up were consistent predictors of social distancing behavior in both samples. Action planning did not have consistent effects mediating or moderating the intention-behavior relationship. Inclusion of past behavior in the model attenuated effects among constructs, although the effects of the determinants of intention and behavior remained. CONCLUSIONS: Current findings highlight the importance of subjective norm, moral obligation, and PBC as determinants of social distancing intention and intention and habit as behavioral determinants. Future research on long-range predictors of social distancing behavior and reciprocal effects in the integrated model is warranted.